Ampicillin

• Food can decrease absorption of the drug, take on an empty stomach 1 hr before or 2 hrs after a meal.
• Facts and Comparisons, Clinisphere 2.0, Wolters Kluwer Company, 2000
• Pronsky, Z Food Medication Interactions, 11th edition, 1999
• Amoxicillin may hinder the production of B vitamins and vitamin K. Supplementation may be beneficial with long term use of the drug.
• Mindell, E, Hopkins V: Prescription Alternatives. New Canaan, CT: Keats Publishing, Inc, 1998; p. 336.
• Hill MJ: Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis, Eur J Cancer Prev, 1997, 6 (Suppl 1): S43-5.
• Deguchi Y, et al: Comparative studies on synthesis of water-soluble vitamins among human species of Bifidobacteria, Argic Biol Chem, 1985, 19 (1):13-19.
• Conly J and Stein K: Reduction of vitamin K2 concentrations in human liver associated with the use of broad spectrum antimicrobials, Clin Invest Med, 1994, 17 (6):531-9.
• Antibiotics kill bacteria, including beneficial flora in the gut, which may affect digestion and/or elimination. Supplementation with acidophilus or bifidus may aid in restoring beneficial flora.
• Bengmark S & Gianotti L: Nutritional support to prevent and treat multiple organ failure. World J Surg, 1996 May, 20:4, 474-81.
• Fuller R. Probiotics in human medicine. Gut 1991;32:439-42 [review].
• Cummings JH, Macfarlane G: Role of intestinal bacteria in nutrient metabolism, JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 1997, 21(6): 357-65.
• Gorbach SL: Bengt E. Gustafsson Memorial Lecture, Function of the Normal Human Microflora, Scand J Infect Dis Suppl, 1986, 49:17-30.
• Bromelain may increase ampicillin metabolism.
• Neuvonen PJ et al., Comparative effect of food on absorption of ampicillin and pivampicillin. J Int Med Res 1977; 5: 71-76.
• Tinozzi S, Venegoni A. Effect of bromelain on serum and tissue levels of amoxicillin. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1978;4:39-44.
• Brinker, F Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998